Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of genital infections in contributing to infertility. Infections such as Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) are identified as critical threats to reproductive health. These infections can lead to severe complications, particularly in the reproductive systems of both men and women.
Global Research Findings
A global systematic review of 107 studies revealed that CT infection is significantly associated with infertility, particularly tubal factor infertility. In men, the prevalence of CT infection was found to be 20.6% among infertile individuals, indicating that CT infection substantially increases the risk of male infertility. Similarly, a global epidemiological analysis of NG infection showed that the prevalence of gonorrhea in infertile populations is nearly three times higher than in the general population, with women being twice as likely to be affected as men.
The Role of Ureaplasma Urealyticum
A review of 33 studies on the relationship between UU and infertility highlighted that UU can impair sperm motility and is an underestimated “reproductive enemy” in humans. For unexplained infertility cases, the detection of UU infection should be given more attention by healthcare providers.
Asymptomatic Nature and Early Detection
Genital infections often present with no symptoms or have a prolonged asymptomatic period, making them easily overlooked. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial, as most infections can be completely cured if detected early. Implementing genital pathogen testing for high-risk populations can effectively reduce societal treatment costs and improve the rates of healthy pregnancies.
Screening Practices in Developed Countries
Many developed countries have already implemented widespread screening for genital infections. It is recommended that sexually active women under the age of 25 undergo annual screening for genital infections. Screening is also advised during the first prenatal visit and before undergoing an abortion. the World Health Organization (WHO) updated its global health strategy for sexually transmitted infections, emphasizing the need to significantly expand primary prevention and increase access to screening for sexually transmitted infections.
Conclusion
Genital infections pose a significant threat to fertility, and their asymptomatic nature often leads to delayed diagnosis and treatment. By adopting widespread screening practices and raising awareness among healthcare providers and the general public, we can effectively mitigate the impact of these infections on reproductive health. Early detection and treatment are key to preventing long-term complications and improving fertility outcomes.
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